India's emerging supercomputing ecosystem

Source: Press Information Bureau (PIB), Government of India — PIB Backgrounder · PIB Delhi · Read the original release on pib.gov.in

India of supercomputing Travel 1990 Of decade of beginning In Supreme 8000 From advanced after being 2015 In Start did Went National supercomputing Mission (nsm) Of under One National ecosystem In change Went Is. september 2026 till 40 Super computers By 68 pf (petaflops) i.e. very fast calculation to give Of with, nsm High–Display computing (HPC) till own Expansion Tax remained Is. Mission by computational biology, Season Prediction And climate modeling, Disaster management, big data analytics And Astronomy physics In computer applications make possible happened indigenous server, software, cooling And networking technologies Too advanced of Are.

Country of supercomputing capabilities Of Construction

From predicting crop yields and tracking disease outbreaks to accelerating drug discovery and predicting affected areas due to river flooding, high-performance computing supports societal applications that impact everyday life. They help process large-scale datasets and support complex simulations in climate, space, health care, and engineering. They also enable faster analysis and help researchers solve complex scientific challenges faster. This is becoming essential to accelerate scientific discovery and technological innovation.

Supercomputers are high-performance computing systems designed to make complex calculations possible at extraordinary speeds. They combine a large number of processors to perform multiple calculations simultaneously. It enables researchers to analyze large-scale datasets and run sophisticated simulations efficiently. Supercomputers therefore provide critical infrastructure for advanced scientific research and strategic applications.

The country's growing digital ecosystem is driving demand for advanced computing infrastructure. India World Of About 20 percentage data Yield does Is. Applications such as artificial intelligence, weather forecasting and space research require significant computing capabilities. So the government is expanding access to supercomputing in research institutions. This effort strengthens indigenous capabilities and supports India's vision of a self-reliant India. does Is।

National supercomputing Mission Of Back of strategy

To strengthen the computing capabilities of the country, the Central Government in April 2015 National supercomputing Mission (nsm) began. This mission is about 4,500 Ten million Rs. Of outlay Of with launch Did Went Was। This mission is jointly Science And Technology Department (dst) And electronicsof And Information Technology Ministry (MeitY) operated does Is।

The mission aims to increase self-reliance in supercomputing and strengthen the country's high-performance computing capabilities. The mission promotes the use of supercomputing for research, development and problem-solving in scientific and technological domains. It also supports the development of solutions for social applications. The mission seeks to establish a globally competitive supercomputing ecosystem in the country.

center for development off advanced computing (C–DAC), Pune And Indian Science institute (IISc), Bengaluru Let's take this mission forward. NSM follows a ‘build approach’ in which three concurrent phases are implemented to create the indigenous supercomputing infrastructure. Involved Are: assembly, manufacturing And Design And manufacturing Support। This approach combines the expansion of computing infrastructure with the development of indigenous capabilities.

Mission of present Situation

Under NSM, India has established an ecosystem focused on achieving self-reliance in supercomputing. This includes supercomputer design, development, manufacturing, system software, and specialized applications. This increasing indigenous capacity can reduce dependence on imported technologies. It also strengthens the country's domestic high-performance computing ecosystem.

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NSM has a cumulative capacity of more than 123 PF in various educational/research institutions across the country. ones Total 50 Super Computer Established to do of Plan made Is. These systems meet diverse computational needs depending on their processing capabilities.

evolution of the ultimate series

The PARAM 8000, developed from C-DAC and unveiled in 1991, marked the country's entry into indigenous supercomputing with a speed of 1 gigaflop. This laid the foundation for the Ultimate series of computers, which evolved through increasingly powerful systems such as the Ultimate at 54 teraflops, supporting computationally intensive applications. It has supported applications such as weather forecasting, which predicts atmospheric conditions, and computational fluid dynamics, which studies fluid flow, etc. This series later expanded the country's supercomputing capabilities for both domestic research and international deployment.

expansion of computing capacity

By September 2026, India will 68 pf of Joint Capacity ones 40 Super Computer deployed did Were. In this   13 high-end systems over 1 pF Involved Are। Additionally, 12 mid–Range system of Capacity 500 tf And 1 pf Of between Is। other 15 systems of Capacity 500 tf From Less Is। These machines have been manufactured locally and have been commissioned across the country. The Mission continues to advance infrastructure, applications, research and development and human resource development.

nsm Of under supercomputing Of National Application

The supercomputers deployed under NSM support large-scale simulation and fast data processing, enabling national applications in various sectors.

1. genomics And drug Discovery platform: It studies large sets of molecules to help find and test drugs. It was used during COVID-19 to screen existing medications and predict side effects such as heart risk.

1. urban Environment decision Help System: It uses detailed models to track weather and air pollution. It predicts heavy rain and pollution so cities can prepare and minimize damage.

1. seismic imaging Suit: It aims to improve oil and gas exploration by using advanced algorithms to map subsurface structures. Its performance matches commercial seismic imaging tools.

1. River valleys Of For flood of Prediction Of For Initial alert System: It leverages data analytics and predictive models to predict floods up to 2 days in advance. It is being used for the Mahanadi river basin to protect communities and infrastructure.

1. forest fire spread model: It combines satellite remote sensing with computational models to predict how wildfires will spread. It has been tested in areas like Sikkim Himalaya using HPC system.

1. Material Science And computational chemicals Science Application: It provides a suite that allows simulation of atoms, molecules, and alloys. These facilitate the study of their behaviour.

These applications demonstrate how India's growing HPC infrastructure is powering research, supporting evidence-based decision making and solving complex challenges in health, environment, energy and advanced sciences.

achievements: nsm Of under advanced indigenous Constituent

Under NSM, an entire ecosystem has been established with the focused goal of achieving self-reliance in supercomputing. This includes, inter alia, the design, development and manufacturing of critical supercomputing sub-components, as follows:

1. servers of Rudra series: It is a key supercomputing component. It provides the processing power needed to run complex calculations, simulations and AI workloads. It has been indigenously designed and developed by C-DAC, its technology has been transferred to Indian Electronics Manufacturing Service (EMS) partners for manufacturing.

Supreme Rudra series: indigenous supercomputing To Ahead Increase

A major achievement of NSM has been the creation of the Param Rudra supercomputer, built using indigenously designed and manufactured Rudra servers and an indigenous system software stack. They support a wide range of applications such as advanced research in astronomy, materials science, nuclear physics and Earth sciences. As of September 2026, 6,000 Rudra servers were deployed in the Param Rudra supercomputer, while another 1,500 servers were under construction.

1. Hi–Speed Interconnect network: A high-speed inter-communication network between computer nodes was developed which was tested with speeds of 100 Gbps and 200 Gbps. It enhances data transfer and communication between computing nodes, strengthening India's supercomputing capabilities.
2. indigenous cooling Technology: The cooling technology has been developed and demonstrated indigenously and is now in the deployment phase. It is important for maintaining the operating temperature of high-performance computing systems and for improved power efficiency.
3. High Display computing (HPC) system software: A complete HPC system software stack has been developed and integrated with supercomputing systems to support their efficient operation and management.
4. Supreme cub: this one supercomputing–in–द–Box Is It is designed, developed and manufactured in India to meet the HPC and AI computing needs of students and researchers in engineering colleges and universities.
5. National requirements Of For HPC Application: HPC Applications have been developed and deployed in areas such as genomics and drug discovery. These applications help organizations including India Meteorological Department (IMD), Central Water Commission (CWC), Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and Ministry of AYUSH.

From core computing infrastructure to applications that meet national needs, NSM is expanding India's capacity to develop and utilize advanced computing technologies within the country.

Country In High–Display computing Of For One skilled workforce Of Construction

As access to supercomputing infrastructure expands, NSM is also building the skills needed to use these resources effectively. The NSM infrastructure has supported over 16,000 researchers, including over 2,900 PhD students, across over 400 institutions. These systems have executed more than 15 million compute jobs (a complex task or simulation assigned to a supercomputer) by September 2026 and have contributed to more than 1,990 research publications.

To further expand the skilled user base, the Mission has developed a series of training and learning initiatives:

• HPC And deep learning awareness Program: Workshops are conducted across India with NSM institutes to introduce students, researchers and teachers to High-Performance Computing (HPC) and Deep Learning (DL).
• hackathon And bootcamp: HPC, DL hackathons and bootcamps provide practical experience and encourage problem-solving in HPC artificial intelligence (AI) and generative AI.
• faculty Development And quality Improvement Program: The faculty, including teachers of non-computer science subjects, are trained in HPC, AI, Machine Learning (ML) and DL in collaboration with All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE).
• eduhpc workshop: An annual workshop provides comprehensive training in HPC to faculty at institutions across the country.
• Hi–performance scientific computing Course: A structured curriculum on the Swayam platform, under the National Program on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL), helps learners build a strong foundation in HPC.
• HPC Education portal: The portal provides access to HPC resources, recorded lectures and learning materials, helping students and teachers gain practical experience.
• nsm user Forum: This forum provides a forum for users on NSM sites to discuss technical issues, resolve questions, and share knowledge and best practices.

National Knowledge network (nkn)

NKN serves as the backbone of the country's supercomputing ecosystem under the National Supercomputing Mission. It connects supercomputing facilities in academic and research institutions through a high-speed national network. It enables researchers and institutions to access advanced computing resources and collaborate across geographic boundaries. This network strengthens the sharing of computational resources, research capabilities and scientific information. Through this connected infrastructure, the mission is expanding access to high-performance computing across India.

These initiatives are expanding HPC skills beyond specialized computing institutions and creating a broader workforce equipped to use advanced computing.

Ahead of path

India's supercomputing ecosystem is set to grow significantly by expanding computing capacity, developing more advanced technologies within the country, and making high-performance computing (HPC) more accessible to researchers, academia and industry. The focus of the mission will be on building fast, energy-efficient and reliable systems, strengthening Indian hardware and software capabilities and developing skilled professionals. Greater integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and HPC will help address critical challenges in areas such as weather and climate, health care, agriculture, energy, drug discovery, engineering and scientific research. By bringing together government, academia, industry, startups and research institutions, India can transform advanced computing into practical solutions, foster innovation and economic growth, and build a secure, sustainable and self-reliant supercomputing ecosystem.

Reference

Science And Technology Department

• https://nsmindia.in/applications/
• https://dst.gov.in/national-supercomputing-mission-1
• https://dst.gov.in/pm-launches-country-1st-indigenously-build-supercomputer
• https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleaseDetail.aspx?PRID=1709875&reg=3&lang=1
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• https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=2201437&reg=48&lang=2
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• https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2198307&reg=48&lang=2
• https://dst.gov.in/sites/default/files/NSM%20Achievements%20book%20design%2016725.pdf

electronicof And IT Ministry

• https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2158517&reg=48&lang=2
• https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1926942&lang=2&reg=48
• https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2212879&reg=48&lang=2
• https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleaseDetail.aspx?PRID=2201437&reg=3&lang=1
• https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2201437&reg=3&lang=2

advanced computing Development Center

• https://www.cdac.in/index.aspx?id=hpc_ss_supercomputing_systems

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